Cirrus-logic AN241 User Manual

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Copyright
Cirrus Logic, Inc. 2003
(All Rights Reserved)
http://www.cirrus.com
AN241
Analog Input Buffer Architectures
by Kevin L Tretter
1. Introduction
There are many considerations that must be taken into account when designing and implementing an an-
alog input buffer. These include negligible noise contribution, input biasing, isolation from switched ca-
pacitor currents, maintaining a low output impedance so as not to cause distortion, and providing anti-
alias filtering appropriate for the modulator sampling rate.
This application note provides several filter topologies that address the above concerns. The following an-
alog input buffers have been divided into four categories: fully differential, single-ended to differential, sin-
gle-ended with dedicated reference pins for each channel, and single-ended with a common, or shared,
reference.
2. Fully Differential Analog Input Buffer
2.1 Applicable Converters
A fully differential analog input buffer is ideal for use with the following Cirrus Logic audio converters:
- CS5361
- CS5381
- CS4272
- CS42528/26/18/16
- CS42428/26/18/16
2.2 Introduction to Differential Signals
A differential signal can be defined as two nodes that have equal but opposite signals around a fixed point
(called the common mode level). The two signal nodes are typically referred to as positive and negative
(or non-inverting and inverting), as shown in the following example of a differential sine wave:
Figure 1. Example of a Differential Signal
OCT ‘03
AN241REV1
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Summary of Contents

Page 1 - 1. Introduction

1Copyright  Cirrus Logic, Inc. 2003(All Rights Reserved)http://www.cirrus.comAN241Analog Input Buffer Architecturesby Kevin L Tretter1. IntroductionT

Page 2

AN241104.6 Overview of Filter Topology #24.6.1 High Pass Filter and DC BiasingThe first stage of the buffer forms a high pass filter from the combinat

Page 3

AN24111the converter is susceptible to aliasing). The characteristics of this low pass filter can be changed by ad-justing the values of the resistors

Page 4

AN241124.8 Overview of Filter Topology #34.8.1 Op Amp CircuitryThe op-amp topology used in the input buffer shown in Figure 6 addresses two issues. Fi

Page 5

AN241134.8.3 Anti-Aliasing CapacitorFigure 6 implements a common mode capacitor between the analog input and the associated referencevoltage pin on ea

Page 6

AN24114Figure 7. Single Ended Input Buffer with a Common Reference Pin5.4 Overview of Filter Topology5.4.1 High Pass Filter and DC BiasingThe first s

Page 7

AN24115In the input buffer shown in Figure 7, REQ ≈ 50 kΩ (100 kΩ RkΩ) and C = 4.7µF. This places the 3 dBcorner at approximately 0.68 Hz. Typically

Page 8

AN24116.Contacting Cirrus Logic SupportFor a complete listing of Direct Sales, Distributor, and Sales Representative contacts, visit the Cirrus Logic

Page 9

AN2412In the above example, the full scale input voltage is 5.64 Vpp (differentially), with each leg swinging2.82 Vpp. Please note that the full scale

Page 10

AN2413where: R is the value of the resistor (in Ohms)C is the value of the capacitor (in Farads)In the input buffer shown in Figure 2, R = 10 kΩ and C

Page 11

AN2414Figure 2 implements a common mode capacitor between the positive and negative nodes of the differen-tial inputs. This capacitor is commonly refe

Page 12 - 4.8.1 Op Amp Circuitry

AN2415Figure 3. Single-Ended to Differential Input Buffer3.4 Overview of the Filter Topology3.4.1 High Pass Filter and DC BiasingThe first stage of t

Page 13 - 4.8.3 Anti-Aliasing Capacitor

AN2416where: REQ is the value of the equivalent resistance (in Ohms)C is the value of the capacitor (in Farads)In the input buffer shown in Figure 3,

Page 14

AN2417capacitors with a large voltage coefficient (such as general purpose ceramics) since they can degradesignal linearity.4. Single-Ended Input Buff

Page 15

AN24184.4 Overview of Filter Topology #14.4.1 High Pass Filter and DC BiasingThe first stage of the buffer forms a high pass filter from the combinati

Page 16

AN2419the input sampling rate of the converter. Also, low value resistors should be used to minimize the additionof resistor thermal noise.Figure 4 im

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